Samenvatting

Result of the study on the exposure of imidacloprid on Lymnaea stagnails, have led to this study. The results indicate that imidacloprid might be metabolized to other components. Therefore the aim of the study was two folded:
1. To develop a method for the quantification of imidacloprid and its metabolites.
2. To validate the method.
The selected imidacloprid metabolites are: imidacloprid-olefin (IMI-OL), imidacloprid-urea (IMI-UR), 6-chloro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (CPC) and Desnitro-imidacloprid hydrochloride (DES-IMI).
The research questions for this paper are as follows:
1. Can the method (that has been developed and validated) measure the metabolites?
2. Can the method determine the different metabolites in digestive gland of Lymnaea stagnalis after imidacloprid exposure of different concentrations?