We humans have characteristics of both prey and predators. As mammals, great apes are also roughly in the middle of the food chain, although technology (fire, leverage and language) has enabled us to manoeuvre ourselves upwards on our own. Digital (mass) communication technology helps us to strengthen …

Implementation of reliable methodologies allowing Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement (3Rs) of animal testing is a process that takes several decades and is still not complete. Reliable methods are essential for regulatory hazard assessment of chemicals where differences in test protocol can influence …

Global climate change (CC) affects marine mammals, such as cetaceans, by exposing them to an altered marine environment. Cetaceans are indirectly influenced by CC (e.g. through their prey, warmer environment). They are indicator species, significant to marine ecosystems and one of the most endangered …

Daily life is greatly influenced by fossil fuels. New technological inventions and the reduction of the ice coverage due to climate change makes it possible for humans to be present and undertake activities, such as gathering oil in previously inaccessible areas like the North Pole (Sagerup, Nahrgang, …

Uit literatuuronderzoek is naar voren gekomen dat de kraamgroep van de volgende negen vleermuissoorten binnen Nederland gebruik kan maken van een boomholte: Bechsteins vleermuis, Baardvleermuis, Brandts vleermuis, Franjestaart, Watervleermuis, Bosvleermuis, Rosse vleermuis, Ruige dwergvleermuis, Gewone …

This review aims to integrate the present state of knowledge on lactate metabolism in human and mammalian physiology as far as it could be subject to nutritional interventions. An integrated view on the nutritional, metabolic and physiological aspects of lactic acid and lactates might open a perspective …

Lactose is a unique disaccharide, which occurs exclusively in the milk of mammals. It has wide applications as a food ingredient and in pharmaceutical preparations. Discouragement of milk consumption, because of the existence of lactase deficiency in the majority of the world population, is unjustified, …