Rijkswaterstaat has an effort-obligation and result-obligation to take measures to achieve the goals of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) at the Eastern Scheldt and Lake Grevelingen. The WFD aims to achieve and protect a sufficient ecological and chemical status of inland surface waters, transitional …

The coral reef ecosystem provides important services such as tourism revenue, food, pharmaceutical products and coastal defence. Coral reefs are under a severe amount of threats such as pollution, overfishing and climate change. These threats result in a decrease of coral reefs and so a decrease in three- …

Coral reefs in the Caribbean have suffered massive losses of corals since the early 1980s due to a wide range of human impacts, such as explosive human populations growth, coastal pollution, global warming, overfishing, invasive species and diseases. The publication in the journal science in 2003 stated …

Sharks are ecological important inhabitants of most of the world’s oceans and seas. Still their life-history, which is dictated by slow growth rates and late maturity, makes most species, especially demersal- and coastal sharks, prone to exploitation through target- and nontarget fisheries. Another threat …

Coral reefs are one of the most important ecosystems in the world, in terms of both biological diversity and economy. These ecosystems are under a great amount of threats (e.g. climate change, pollution, coastal development and overfishing), which can lead to reef degradation and decrease of three-dimensional …

Coastal lagoon ecosystems are transitional waters, that provide important ecological features and deliver valuable services to mankind. However, due to their geographical positioning at the coast line and physical restrictions, coastal lagoon ecosystems are highly vulnerable towards environmental and …

Salt marsh stability from 10 different salt marshes was studied in the Dutch Wadden Sea region and the Scheldt Estuary during October and November 2018. This report elaborates how salt marsh stability is influenced by bioturbation of Orchestia sp., grazing of large herbivores and different soil and plant …

Coastal soft-sediment habitats are some of the most valued ecosystems due to their high productivity, sustaining coastal food webs. However, coastal soft-sediment habitats are under pressure due to human activity and sea level rise. To preserve or restore soft-sediment habitats different management strategies …

This final research is conducted as a bachelor thesis of the programme Delta Management at the HZ University of Applied Sciences in Vlissingen, Netherlands and is executed at the Coastal Conservation Institute (ICC) in the coastal municipality of São Sebastião in Brazil. The municipality is located on …

Flexibility in organizations is important, especially when dealing with crises that develop in an unpredictable way. Existing management theory makes clear that organizations are confronted with different environmental dynamics and, therefore, need a mix of operational, structural and strategic flexible …