Indeed, deterrence, as Freedman and Mazarr recount in this volume in respectively Chaps. 1 and 2, aims to dissuade an opponent from taking undesirable actions. Clear communication of demands (a red line for instance), coupled with a credible threat to inflict pain if necessary, and demonstration of …

This chapter takes the starting point that the power to deter consists of three components: (physical) capacities, concepts (strategy, plans, decision-making procedures) and will (moral, determination, audacity). In case one of these components is underdeveloped or not in place, (coercive) power fails. …

In modern societies, opening data is playing a crucial role in innovations and economic growth. Public organizations and private enterprises constantly are collecting data. To support the growth of societies, these organizations and enterprises intend to be more active in data opening. However, disclosure …

61 procent van de journalisten in Nederland heeft weleens te maken met een bedreiging, dit blijkt uit een onderzoek van voormalig ombudsman Alex Brenninkmeijer en criminoloog Marjolein Odekerken (Odekerken & Brenninkmeijer, 2017). Uit recente cijfers blijkt dat het aantal bedreigingen alleen maar verder …

The origins of SWOT Analysis is obfuscated in the literature. This paper fills that void and reconstructs its early development in context. The empirical basis of SWOT started in 1952 within the Lockheed’s Corporate Development Planning Department. One of its thus far unknown pioneers, Robert Franklin …

Coral reefs are of great importance for social, biological and economical purposes. However, due to global and local threats they are declining rapidly. One of the ways to sustain coral reefs is sexual coral propagation. While the sexual propagation of corals for reef rehabilitation has been successful …

The IoT is a revolutionary development for both society and governments. In this chapter opportunities and threats of the IoT are discussed. Linking technological, societal, economic, and policy-oriented aspects of the IoT, this chapter introduces a conceptual framework to map and analyze the factors …

A psychological mechanism to prefer specific (pre) judgments over general judgments has to do with control and defusing threats. By framing, what we fear becomes less generally threatening. For example, we specify an accident by looking at car age, driver 's age, alcohol / drugs, brand of car, or state …

In March of 2020, the CEO and founder of travel operator City Wonders, Simone Gozzi, stated that his company can no longer operate in its current form. With the impact of the coronavirus pandemic simply being too immense, the company was, in his own words, forced to hibernate. Within the span of a week, …

Over the past decade, the maker movement and in its slipstream maker education have attained worldwide popularity among educators, politicians, and the media. Makers’ enthusiasm for creative design and construction, using old and new tools has proven contagious, and is worth exploration and critical …