The main hypothesis underlying this article is that although arbitrators are not formally part of national justice systems, they have dealt with questions of EU fundamental rights and the European rule of law standards for quite some time, at least formally since the landmark CJEU judgment in Eco Swiss …

UN peace operations have greatly expanded over the past couple of years. What started with simple observer missions has slowly but steadily evolved into far-reaching operations in which the UN takes on a major role within the administration of countries. The effects of this expansion have, however, …

More than three decades after the fall of the communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), the expected triumph of the liberal democracy did not prove to be a straightforward phenomenon. The post-communist states entered the process of democratization with the plan of reuniting with their Western …

The Netherlands is generally regarded as a bürgerliche Gesellschaft disinclined to violent behaviour. A society that, moreover, had escaped the Urkatastrophe of 1914–1918, which had shocked and shaped Europe so profoundly. To explain the relatively peaceful nature of the Dutch society and its non-military …

The Lisbon Treaty stipulates that the European Union's and the Member States' actions should be guided by the principles that inspired its creation. These principles are democracy, the rule of law, human rights. However, influence from outside forces can affect the European Union's unity, and leave Member …

This dissertation conducts a comprehensive study on the motives of the Government of The Netherlands for its support of the proposal by the European Commission for an Investment Court System (ICS) in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement that is currently under negotiation …

Inspired by the recent terrorist attacks in Europe and France, this paper focuses on the consequences of the suspension of the full enjoyment of citizens’ rights and freedoms, as well as the administration of justice in a state of emergency. The research question is: What are the dangers for France when …

Nowadays, the Rule of Law is seen as more and more important for international relations. The concept of the Rule of Law means that ordinary citizens and those who govern should obey the law. It means that the society is ruled by law and not by men. Several main principles are identified, namely government …

The aim of the present thesis is to identify violations of the right to a fair trial and the right to liberty and security of person in Romania. It focuses on the developments that have taken place since country acceded to the EU in 2007, and delivers recommendations to address them. The miscarriages …

The Hague has over the decades evolved into the City of Peace and Justice where multiple nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) working on promoting the RoL have situated themselves. In order to maintain the brand name 'Peace and Justice', adapting to current developments is crucial for the municipality …