Recently, the international security situation has changed significantly. Mutual trust between states has declined sharply. Policy makers of states and international organisations often no longer know where they stand. In 2016, the Oxford Dictionary proclaimed ‘post truth’ the word of the year.1 In …

This second part of the diptych on the art of deception revisited is about Russian deception and the way it was applied during the annexation of Crimea in 2014. During the annexation, armed soldiers dressed in dark green uniforms without insignias turned up and took control of the Ukrainian peninsula. …

Met de doctrine van ‘Persistent Engagement’ geven de Verenigde Staten aan dat zij in vredestijd naast inlichtingenoperaties ook cyberoperaties buiten de eigen landgrenzen verrichten: een juridisch controversieel thema. Lastig, want terwijl de regelgeving inzake grensoverschrijdende cyberactiviteiten …

Een vrouwelijke cadet die make-up draagt of zich buiten diensttijd ‘te vrouwelijk’ kleedt, wordt al snel gezien als onprofessioneel. Competente aspirant-officieren zijn in de informele beeldvorming meer masculien. Masculiene normen zoals fysieke en mentale gehardheid worden door cadetten op dagelijkse …

How to operate in the information environment is subject to intense debate. Identifying and tracing multiple narratives on complex security problems enhances understanding for contemporary military operations. As an illustration, this article discusses ‘narrative net assessments’ of US and al-Qaida …

This article examines the role of emotions in papal discourse about European integration. Expanding on the ‘emotional turn’ in history, it develops an analytic framework to study emotional valence in constructing the past and future. Analysing Pope Pius XII's three major post-war encyclicals (Communium …

Taking an economic perspective, and underpinned by a literature review, this chapter analyses the development of explicit sets of relationships between dependent and independent variables in the international arms trade from 1995 onwards. We distinguish five main categories within the markets of military …

The system of export control regimes is an important instrument to prevent the proliferation of both weapons of mass destruction and conventional weapons. However, this system faces several structural and recent challenges. The regimes are informal, and consequently, their measures are non-binding upon …

Traditionally, the control of the export of arms and other military material is a national concern that flows from the principle of state sovereignty. As international public law developed, national rules and regulations were increasingly affected by a growing body of international law. Together, these …

Over the years, compliance has come to be closely associated with integrity. Originally, compliance foremost had been understood as abiding by (financial) law and regulation as a prerequisite to pursuing an organization’s operational goals. In response to societal developments and corruption scandals …