Although Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is traditionally defined as a static quality that teachers possess and apply in practice, we conceive of PCK as constituted by a dynamic, mutually influencing process between teacher and students. This co-constructing process is expressed in real-time interaction …

The number of out-of-school science programs, which refers to science education at outside school environments, is gradually increasing. Although out-of-school programs are generally considered to be important for the development of pupils’ science knowledge and skills, more evidence concerning the learning …

Research in the field of out-of-school science is gradually increasing. These programs are considered to be important, yet more evidence about the learning effect is needed. This study aims to contribute to that matter by means of microgenetic measurements. We wanted to answer the question: How is the …

Using a longitudinal study on childrens’ understanding of scientific concepts, we compare the relative importance of general (e.g., standardized test scores) and microgenetic measures (interaction patterns) to characterize the development of scientific understanding over 1.5 years. A researcher worked …

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