The present chapter is about coastal border control for threats entering the coastal waters under the water surface. This threat consists mainly of covertly operating submarines. Acoustic sensors are commonly used for the detection of these submarines, as illustrated by the recent (renewed) deployment …

The current Dutch Walrus-class submarines count over a hundred hydraulic actuators, including the rudders, the periscope and the integrated torpedo and harpoon system. Al these devices are controlled with petroleum based, and therefore flammable, hydraulic oil. Replacing these hydraulic actuators on …