This paper focuses on international student mobility and the funding of higher education. We theorize that relying on international students for funding is stronger for institutions in developed English-speaking countries because they more often adopt marketization practices. Compared to Northern and …

The changes that have taken place in higher education in the last decade, such as output-based funding, global competition, and the marketization of higher education, call for a re-focus on the establishment of bonds between students and their educational institution. Previous studies have emphasized …