This study sought to comprehensively examine the complex relationship between de-icing substances and asphalt pavement, with an emphasis on understanding how freeze-thaw cycles and various deicers affect infrastructure performance and longevity. The primary focus was centered around strengthening understanding …

The power of the European Union’s language policy is limited, since it runs its policy based on the principle of subsidiarity. However, this does not mean the EU cannot exert pressure on the member states and thus, influence national language policies. As European countries increasingly focus on the …

This final paper examines the effects of Latvian integration policies for the Russian-speaking minority. It contains four chapters which analyze the integration policies and their influence on the Russian-speaking minority in Latvia. The first chapter describes the status of the Russian-speaking minority …