Background Confounding bias is a common concern in epidemiological research. Its presence is often determined by comparing exposure effects between univariable- and multivariable regression models, using an arbitrary threshold of a 10% difference to indicate confounding bias. However, many clinical researchers …

Study design: Prospective cohort study including patients with shoulder pain in primary care physiotherapy. Background: There is an increased tendency to use diagnostic ultrasound to aid the diagnostic strategy and target treatment. It is a relatively cheap and accessible imaging technique but the implications …

Goal: The goal of this thesis is to study the association between protein intake and the change in lean mass during a cutting and a bulking phase. The term cutting means being in a caloric deficit for a period of time to reduce the amount of body fat and maintain as much muscle mass as possible. The …

Introduction – Prevention programmes have been shown to have a positive effect on prevention of injury, however, stretching has limited evidence of effectiveness in preventing injury. This systematic review was undertaken to examine the evidence that stretching prevention protocol has demonstrated effectiveness …

Objective:This study investigated whether visual function is associated with cognitive activity engagement and mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Method:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 individuals aged 50–89. The Florida Cognitive Activity Scale (FCAS) …

Epidemiological miner cohort data used to estimate lung cancer risks related to occupational radon exposure often lack cohort-wide information on exposure to tobacco smoke, a potential confounder and important effect modifier. We have developed a method to project data on smoking habits from a case-control …