Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) have the potential of accelerating the decarbonization of urban areas and promoting scalability between cities. The development and real-world implementation of such innovative concepts can be enhanced through urban energy modelling. However, assessing PEDs can be challenging, …

By 2050, the world population will have increased to 9 billion (Bongaarts, 2009). This increase will lead to significant growth in waste. Construction is one of the largest raw material users (Bribian et al., 2011), and this sector consumes about 40% of the energy-related CO2 emissions (Dean et al., …