The realm of strategy, to quote Lawrence Freedman, is one of bargaining and persuasion as well as threats and pressure, psychological as well as physical effects, and words as well as deeds. This is why strategy is the central political art. It is about getting more out of a situation than the starting …

This chapter deals with the non-kinetic side of naval operations. In particular, it deals with the use of naval forces in applying economic maritime enforcement measures. There has always been a solid connection between the use of the navy and the economy. Traditionally, the relationship between naval …

This paper aims to offer a framework for States in general and armed forces in particular for generating effects in or through the information environment by answering the question: How to generate effects in or through the information environment and therefore, how to manoeuvre in this information environment? …

This chapter links democracy promotion to soft power in order to highlight how the spread of democracy has changed the balance of power between the West and Russia. It considers Putins speech to the 2015 United Nations General Assembly as his intellectual response to democracy promotion and democratization. …

International conflict resolution increasingly involves the use of non-military power and non-kinetic capabilities alongside military capabilities in the face of hybrid threats. In this book, counter-measures to those threats are addressed by academics with both practical and theoretical experience and …

The Global Positioning System has long been a great tool for militaryand, of course, civilianactivities, but the militarys heavy reliance on it also makes it a likely target. Due to the character of the satellite navigation system, security vulnerabilities exist that threaten information continuity and …

This chapter discusses ISILs marketing techniques. We think that, due to its strong and successful branding and communication strategies, from a marketing perspective ISIL can be considered a leader on the market of terror produced by violent non-state actors (VNSAs). We propose ISIL can be fought by …

Finding themselves in an ideological competition with Russian nationalism and extreme Islamic jihadism, European societies need to mobilise their moral resources to provide themselves with the sense of purpose necessary to face down and neutralise the influence of current threats. The ambition of this …

This chapter concerns itself with the way in which China uses mainly non-kinetic means to broaden its power and influence in the South China Sea. The old writings of Sun Tzu and the modern writings of Liang and Xiangsui, together with the analysis of the tensions in the South China Sea, demonstrate that …

This chapter discusses a prime example of Western strategic communication in the final decades of the Cold War, i.e., the promotion and protection of human rights. Western human rights promotion was part of the ideological struggle between the two blocs and contributed to weakening Moscows hold over …