While the status of UN SDG14 Life Below Water lags behind in the Netherlands, target horizons for certain targets have been either reached or are fast approaching (2020, 2025, 2030). In 2016, recommendations have been formulated by the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, for adjustments …

To limit the pressure on the marine ecosystem, the European Unions’ Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) was developed to ensure sustainable use of the marine ecosystem. The goal of the MSFD is to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES). To achieve this goal, the MSFD prescribes using Ecosystem-Based …