Samenvatting

In years to come, the past decade will
be characterized as one of revolt against
liberalism. With the election of Barack
Obama in 2008, liberalism appeared
to reach new heights. But the year also
marked what, to many, seemed like the
beginning of the end. Election after elec tion around the globe saw the rise of
pundits, politicians, and parties, from
across the political spectrum, that prom ised alternatives to liberalism’s broken
promises. Soon enough, illiberal politi cians dominated political discourse:
Wilders in the Netherlands. Modi in India.
Trump in the United States. Orbán in
Hungary. Bolsonaro in Brazil.